Fall can be a great time to establish a new alfalfa stand — but only if the timing and
conditions are right. Planting too late in the season risks poor germination, while
planting too early can expose young plants to stress before winter dormancy. With
careful planning, fall-seeded alfalfa can set a strong foundation for years of productivity.
Why Plant Alfalfa in the Fall?
Fall seeding gives growers the chance to establish stands before spring workloads
ramp up. When timed properly, seedlings have enough growing degree days to form
strong root systems, preparing them to survive the winter and thrive in spring.
Optimal Fall Planting Windows
To maximize success, fall seeding must be timed with local frost dates in mind. Alfalfa
needs about 4–6 weeks of growth before the first hard frost to germinate and establish
properly.
Iowa
Southern one-third of the state: Plant by September 1.
Aim to complete seeding no later than four weeks before the first expected
frost, which is usually in late September.
Minnesota
Plant before the typical first frost date, which is around September 1 in
many regions.
Fall planting helps extend the growing season and build a strong root
system, but fields should be well-drained to avoid winter injury.
Wisconsin
Southeast regions: Mid- to late-September can work, but ensure planting
wraps up 4–6 weeks before frost.
Always check soil conditions, fertility and moisture levels before planting to
set the stand up for success.
In conclusion
While fall seeding can be a smart way to get a jump on next year, it requires attention to
both timing and soil conditions. For specific product recommendations and management
advice, connect with your local Latham® representative.